Alcatraz prison

Many know about the famous Alcatraz Prison through its depiction in films, however not many understand its 'real-life' history. Alcatraz Prison began life as a military fortification in the mid 1800's due to its strategic value. The island rapidly became an icon of the U.S. Military's strength but within a few decades became obsolete by more modern weaponry on the mainland. Due to its isolation in the Bay of San Francisco, the U.S. Army considered the island to be a perfect location for holding captives, giving birth to Alcatraz Prison. Alcatraz Prison was America's first long-term correctional facility and shortly had a reputation for severe confinement conditions and merciless disciplinary procedures. There were three classes of inmate in Alcatraz Prison, each having their own set of privileges and punishments. For example, in the third class all reading material and contact with relatives was banned as well as a strict code of silence being rigidly enforced.

'Uncle Sam's Devil's Island' as it was nicknamed was closed in 1934 due to rising operational costs. However, the facility was swiftly re-opened due to a severe rise in armed gangs during the depression. The island acted as a visible symbol and a warning to the criminals of the gangster era. The new age of brutal gang crime also brought a new interest in prisoner reform. James Johnston, the warden at 'The Rock' established a reward scheme for the inmates. Based on the prisoners conduct suitable privileges were issued, such as work assignments and access to the library.

In the 1940's there were a number of murders and attacks at the Californian Penitentiary which gave rise to a court case against Warden Johnston. Allegations of prisoners being locked in dungeons, severe beatings by guards and inmates going 'crazy' from strict isolation resulted in the penitentiary being completely refurbished.

The San Franciscan island is not only famous for its strict and brutal punishments but for its prisoners and escapees. Al Capone, Robert Stroud 'The Birdman' and the escapees Frank Lee Morris and Clarence and John Anglin are among the most recognised. On March 21st, 1963 the famous facility was closed down after 29 years of operation and is now one of the top tourist attractions in North America.